Collaborative Classroom Practice Inclusion - MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Examine about the Collaborative Classroom Practice Inclusion. Answer: Presentation The distinguished exploration study has been created to survey a subject of study hall the board issues. Decisively, through the distinguishing proof of the generous issues identified with study hall the board, a teacher can assess the correct systems based on the hypothetical setting of the issues. In this specific investigation paper, the study hall the executives issue of consideration looking for has been delineated. In the interim, the evaluation of the recognized study hall the executives issue has been connected to the social disposition of the understudies and educators to talk about the issue in a basic manner (Oral, 2012). Meanwhile, the reason for the article paper is to distinguish the important issue that has been identified with consideration chasing. In the current study hall situation, consideration looking for has been characterized as one of the significant difficulties to be managed by the teachers. Outstandingly, because of such propensity, an understudy or a youngster can do certain things to get the consideration of the educator. Some of the time instructors have discovered the activities very irritating and ignorantly overlook the brain research based issue. Conclusively, consideration searching understudies will continually proclaim to their teachers by doing different activities. In fact, the longing for consideration among such understudies can be recognized as voracious. In spite of the fact that the educators give thoughtfulness regarding the understudies, their longing for consideration keeps on developing (Olubummo, 2015). By distinguishing the study hall issue of consideration chasing, the examination has shown hypothetical setting to the issue. Then again, the arrangement of such study hall issues has been investigated with regards to Western Australia. The examination study has researched the main explanation for such issues influencing the homeroom the board. Thin king about the past examinations, the hypothetical comprehension of the understudies recognition, their disposition, practices, and brain research has been depicted. In view of the result of the examination, explicit answer for the issues of consideration looking for has been characterized too to make the paper progressively proficient. Explanation of the Problem The main issue that has been examined in the exploration paper is over the top consideration looking for among the homeroom understudies and kids. With regards to present day homeroom issues in the Western Australia, abundance consideration looking for can be recognized as one of the most well-known conduct issues among a portion of the kids (Mulholland, O'Connor, 2016). Naturally, getting consideration and giving consideration can be characterized as one of the most central parts of social species. Fundamentally, disregarding conveying adequate thoughtfulness regarding the understudies, teachers have seen that a portion of the youngsters are not fulfilled. Because of the results, they look for extra consideration from the instructors by doing irritating things in the study hall (Bluestein, 2011). Clearly, the examination will explore the hypothetical ideas driving such attitude and mental variables prompting such issues. Then again, teachers ought to know about such mental issues among the understudies with the goal that the issues among the understudies can't be disregarded. In setting toward the Western Australia, such issues have become generous difficulties in study hall the executives. So as to the executives such homeroom issues adequately, recognizing the reason for the difficult will be obvious, most definitely (Findley, Varble, 2011). In addition, significant preparing and information advancement programs for educators ought to be masterminded to manage the issue in an increasingly sorted out way. Hypothetical Context of the issue Attention Seeking The issue of consideration looking for can be tended to considering the hypothetical setting, for example, Rudolf Dreikurs majority rule discipline model. Remarkably, Rudolf Dreikurs was one of the prestigious social therapists who had hugely added to the comprehension of the unpardonable practices among youngsters. The instructive way of thinking of Rudolf Dreikurs has basically depended on law based way of thinking. The basic guideline of the popularity based order model of Rudolf Dreikurs is human value. As indicated by the specific hypothetical model, the creator recommended that a critical conduct is a result of people method of reasoning (Dreikurs, Grunwald, Pepper, 2015). Besides, the hypothetical idea proposes that people demonstration as indicated by their abstract appraisal instead of driven by the truth. In light of the abstract appraisal, people make suppositions and persuade themselves that their point of view is correct. On account of consideration looking for issue, ev ery person have needed to look for the consideration of others and have inward sentiments to be acknowledged. Such aching for acknowledgment can prompt misbehaviours now and again. In view of the hypothetical idea of Rudolf Dreikurs equitable order model, there are four sorts of targets that have spurred the kids in a study hall condition to act up. As per the request, the distinguished objectives are consideration chasing, force and control, vengeance, and powerlessness. Regarding managing the issue, the model has been apparent for the instructors to recognize the kind of objectives driving towards getting into mischief in a homeroom domain (Dreikurs, Grunwald, Pepper, 2015). The hypothetical model of Rudolf Dreikurs advances sensible results and support systems as opposed to rebuffing the understudies for acting up, for example, looking for the consideration of the teachers. Correctly, thought processes in consideration looking for conduct must be assessed by the instructors to control the outcomes of the issue (Mellor, 2008). Through the distinguishing proof of the consideration looking for intentions of the youngsters, study hall educators can receive diver se showing styles, for example, totalitarian, tolerant, and law based. The educators may utilize viable style to control the study hall the board issue of consideration chasing. Essentially, the majority rule discipline model has been founded on the hypothetical part of Alfred Adler who accepted individuals being a social animal wanted to have a place or acknowledge (Dreikurs, Grunwald, Pepper, 2015). Additionally, the term vote based connotes that understudies and kids can be recognized as an indispensable piece of the dynamic procedure (Emmer, Hickman, 2011). The essentials of the law based control model have characterized the significant contrasts between legitimate results and discipline so as to manage the study hall the executives issue, for example, consideration looking for in this specific case. First of protection measures and methods are the most ideal approach to handle the issue of consideration looking for in the scholarly division (Olubummo, 2015). In addition, coherent successions are fitting to control the issue while discipline has no noteworthy pertinence in the getting out of hand viewpoints in study hall issues. Regarding evaluation of the hypothetical idea of popularity based order model, Rudolf Dreikurs accepted that absence of consolation towards understudies and youngsters can incite an understudy to get out of hand in a study hall (Renart, 2013). Generally, absence of consolation prompts absence of focus among the understudies and kids in scholastic segments. Because of the results, understudies have attempted to g rab the eye of the educators by doing sorts of stuff that are unessential in a homeroom environment (Edwards, 2014). So as to the arrangement with the homeroom issue of consideration chasing, the thought processes empowering the misconduct of the understudies must be assessed. There are four kinds of inspiring components prompting consideration looking for practices among the youngsters and understudies (Sullivan, 2011). The dynamic productive intentions of the understudies look for steady acclaim from the teachers while aloof useful thought processes impact the understudies to include others to serve them. The dynamic ruinous thought processes look for sure fire consideration from the instructors. Then again, aloof ruinous eye-catching thought processes have constrained others to support understudies and youngsters. The examination of the past writing must be incorporated with the hypothetical idea of Rudolf Dreikurs to recognize how the homeroom issue of consideration looking for has been managed by the instructors in the Western Australia. In the mean time, the Department of Education of Western Australia has included the just order model of Rudolf Dreikurs to prepare the educators and teachers breaking down the personal conduct standards of the understudies. The test of alluring is a far reaching study hall issue in this specific setting (Dreikurs, Grunwald, Pepper, 2015). Affected by the hypothetical model of Rudolf Dreikurs, the DOE of Western Australia has taken activities to create strategies that can be compelling for the instructors to comprehend the practices that are empowering consideration chasing. Absolutely, every one of the study hall misbehaviours must be managed need with the goal that instructors have picked up the information and aptitudes to lessen the seriousness of the iss ue (Crawford, Shutler, 2009). In the interim, educators are prepared to overlook the improper conduct of the understudies. In the event that the educators stay away from the rowdiness of the youngsters prompting eye-catching, understudies have seen as quiet down. Such uncommon change in nature among the understudies will diminish the consideration looking for intentions too. On the other hand, great practices of the understudies must be supported with remunerations and thankfulness (Edwards, Watts, 2008). In this manner, different understudies have discovered no thought processes prompting consideration looking for inside the homeroom condition. In this manner, significant enthusiastic education programs have been composed by the DOE to advancement of the works on associating the study hall the board. Naturally, the examination reports and writing of the writers can be shown to distinguish the jobs of the teachers to settle the issue of consideration looking for in the Western Australian region. Through th

Glucose Molecule - Experiment of Glucose Molecule Free Solution

Question: Portray about the test of Glucose Molecule? Answer: 1.0 Aim of Experiment: To complete starting auxiliary investigation of - D-(+) - Glucose utilizing NMR strategies (1-dimensional, for example, 13C-DEPT 135, 1H-NMR and 13C-NMR. Notwithstanding perform, further auxiliary investigation by 2-dimensional NMR, for example, HSQC, Cozy, HMBC and TOCSY. Additionally, watch the impact of its auxiliary qualities on coupling consistent and synthetic move on the NMR range. 2.0 Introduction Glucose particle Glucose is a basic monosaccharide sugar, which is considered as one of the most significant starches. Glucose is utilized as an asset of vitality in plants and creatures. It is discovered that glucose is one of the primary items utilized in breath and photosynthesis. Glucose is found in nature as D-glucose, which is regularly known as dextrose. Food ventures fabricated glucose consistently in dextrose structure. A glucose particle is comprised of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen atoms. The synthetic equation of glucose is C6H12O6. Glucose is made out of 6 carbon molecules and contains an aldehyde bunch as the utilitarian gathering, in this manner glucose can be delegated an aldohexose. Glucose atom can additionally be grouped into either L or D arrangement relying upon the most extreme number of its chiral focus, C-5. At this C-5 position, if OH practical gathering is arranged at the left of the plane, it tends to be named L-glucose. Then again, D-glucose is the perfect representation of L-glucose. it is seen that glucose is progressively steady in its ring structure contrasted with open-chain structure. The explanation for the steadiness of ring structure is, the hydroxyl bunch on C-5 is inclined to respond with the carbonyl gathering on C-1, which brings about the creation of a shut pyranose ring (Figure 1). In this way, glucose is additionally found in two isomeric structures, for example, - D-glucose and - D-glucose. In - D-glucose, the OH useful gathering on C-1 is officially trans to the CH2OH (on C-5). Then again, these two gatherings are found in cis position in - D-glucose (Figure 1). In this examination, the basic properties of - D-glucose are engaged, as glucose is the most plenitude aldohexose found in living beings. To discover the basic properties of this monosaccharide, the scientists have utilized numerous NMR spectroscopy strategies. Figure 1: Anomeric types of D-glucose NMR spectroscopy NMR (Nuclear attractive reverberation) incites changes between various atomic turn conditions of tests by utilizing radiofrequency radiation in an attractive field (Stothers, 2012). It is discovered that NMR spectroscopy is commonly utilized in quantitative estimations; notwithstanding, it is generally helpful to decide the structure of atoms (alongside mass spectrometry and IR spectroscopy) (Gnther, 2013). The usage of NMR spectroscopy to decide the auxiliary portrayal emerges in light of the fact that various iotas in an atom face diverse attractive fields. This marvel is liable for the advances of various reverberation frequencies in a NMR range (Graaf, 2013). It is discovered that the connections between various cores are answerable for the deviation of the spectra lines. Consequently, the parting lines of spectra can be utilized to pick up data about the closeness of various particles in an atom. NMR spectroscopy is in this way can be applied in various territories of science (K eeler, 2011). It is seen that the physicists utilized NMR spectroscopy (straightforward one-dimensional strategies) consistently to watch the concoction structure (Jiang et al. 2011). Then again, the scientists utilized two-dimensional strategies to contemplate the structures of confounded atoms (Morales et al. 2012). 3.0 Experimental Procedure Arrangement of test From the outset unadulterated - D-glucose (89mg) was gauged and broken up in of deuterated dimethyl sulfoxide (d6-DMSO). At that point the example was pipette into a dry and clean NMR tube. From that point forward, the NMR tube was fixed with parafilm and named. Finally the example was exposed to the NMR spectrometer. NMR spectrometer There are three stages associated with procuring a range from NMR spectrometer and these are: Test stacking: from the start, the NMR tube was set in an example holder, known as spinner. Profundity measure was utilized to keep up the right tallness of the NMR tube. From that point forward, the example was situated in the NMR test plate holding on to be broke down. Instrument Locking and Shimming. Information securing and preparing It was discovered that NMR range was changed utilizing Spinworks programming. SpinWorks is a product bundle for the managing out of 1D and 2D information. Spinworks additionally included modules for the reenactment, dynamic NMR spectra and investigation of second request spectra. It can perform phantom recreations to decide substance moves and coupling steady. All the data acquired beneath was gotten through Dr. Ramesh. Dr. Ramesh isolated the class into numerous gatherings and each gathering visited the NMR gadget. The NMR devise is situated in the storm cellar of the science division where the guide clarified insights regarding the NMR gadget working system. It is seen that numerous safety measures steps should be taken before running the NMR grouping. These means are don't bring cell phones, any metallic items, coins, and so forth close to the NMR arrangement, since it might make harm the magnet. The guide additionally exhorted not to contact the NMR magnet as it can hamper the NM Rs homogeneity properties. Also, staff with metallic im[plants and heart pace creators ought not draw close to the NMR spectrometer. 4.0 Results In figure2, hydrogen and carbons cores are numbered for - D-glucose atom to decipher NMR result. In the accompanying structure of glucose, 6 carbon molecules are appeared, which are alluding to 6 unique situations. There are likewise 11 hydrogen particles, which are alluded to 10 distinct situations. Figure 2: Carbon and hydrogen cores numbering for - D-glucose particle Table 1: 1H-NMR demonstrating the compound move of appointed proton cores (Figure 2), its variety designs and the coupling consistent J (Hz) Concoction move, (ppm) Doled out cores assortment Coupling consistent, J (Hz) 6.22 95-6.2395 O-H2 d, doublet 4.28 4.9046-4.884 C-H1 t, triplet 4.02,4.22 4.8232-4.8088 O-H8 d, doublet 5.76 4.7077-4.6959 O-H6 d, doublet 4.72 4.527-4.51 O-H4 d, doublet 68 4.4288-4.3389 O-H11 t, triplet 5.92, 5.7 3.6109-3.3645 C-H5,C-H9, C-H10,10 m, multiplet - 3.1288-2.9868 C-H3, C-H7 m, multiplet - Concoction move, (ppm) Doled out cores assortment Coupling consistent, J (Hz) 6.22 95-6.2395 O-H2 d, doublet 4.28 4.9046-4.884 C-H1 t, triplet 4.02,4.22 4.8232-4.8088 O-H8 d, doublet 5.76 4.7077-4.6959 O-H6 d, doublet 4.72 4.527-4.51 O-H4 d, doublet 68 4.4288-4.3389 O-H11 t, triplet 5.92, 5.7 3.6109-3.3645 C-H5,C-H9, C-H10,10 m, multiplet - 3.1288-2.9868 C-H3, C-H7 m, multiplet - Table 2: 13CNMR investigation indicating the synthetic move of alloted carbon nucleiand its staging conduct in 13C DEPT-135 NMR range in (Figure 2) Doled out cores Concoction move, (ppm) 13C-DEPT 135 PHASING C-1 92.13 CH-Positive C-3 72.97 CH-Positive C-2 72.24 CH-Positive C-5 71.92 CH-Positive C-4 70.54 CH-Positive C-6 61.06 CH2-Negative Table 3: shows the watched relationship of 1H cores (Figure 2) in 2D Correlation Spectroscopy (Cozy) NMR range and 2D Total Correlation Spectroscopy (TOCSY) NMR range *C show 1H-1H cores in Cozy range, D demonstrate 1H-1H cores in TOCSY range H1 H2 H3 H4 H5 H6 H7 H8 H9 H10.10' H11 H1 H2 C,D H3 C,D D H4 D D C,D D H5 D D C,D D H6 D D C,D H7 D C H8 D D C,D H9 D C,D D H10,10' D D C H11 D D D C,D Table 4: shows the watched connection of 1H-13C cores (Figure 2) in 2D Heteronuclear Single Quantum Correlation (HSQC) NMR range and 2D Heteronuclear Multiple Bond Correlation (HMBC) range *X image indicates1H-13C cores in HSQC, Y image show 1H-13C cores in HMBC C1 C2 C3 C4 C5 C6 H1 X Y Y H2 Y X,Y H3 X,Y H4 Y Y Y X H5 Y Y X,Y H6 Y Y H7 Y Y Y H8 Y Y H9 H10,10 Y Y X H11 Y Y Conversations Numerous NMR procedures are utilized

Explication of Phllip Larkin’s “Cut Grass” Essay

In Cut Grass, Philip Larkin utilizes likeness in sound, shading and blossom imagery, and accentuation to show that passing is inescapable, and is unconscious of explicit conditions. By standing out the cut grass from the regularly dynamic, energetic month of June, Larkin shows the cruel idea of death, and its dismissal towards its environmental factors, while at the same time giving a feeling of expectation once passing arrives. In the principal refrain, Larkin utilizes sound to word imitation to make a distinctive picture of mown grass. The sharp hints of â€Å"cut grass† infer furiousness, while the following expression â€Å"lies frail,† is suggestive of powerlessness and shortcoming. He keeps on resembling sounds by utilizing expressions, for example, â€Å"brief is the breath,† and â€Å"exhale,† whose sounds take after their separate activities. Through his utilization of sound to word imitation, Larkin interfaces the peruser to the grass, and in this manner inspires compassion. While the peruser is touchy towards the passing, it in any case proceeds, paying little heed to the enthusiasm of â€Å"young-leafed June.† Larkin likewise stands out the â€Å"brief breath† from â€Å"long death† to show that life is generally short when contrasted with the unfathomable length of time of death. He makes most of the sonnet, in depicting passing, one sentence, from â€Å"long, long†¦Ã¢â‚¬  until the end, so as to show the drawn out and moderate kicking the bucket. He portrays the passing â€Å"at summer’s pace;† a sluggish and dallying development that dismisses its sprouting environmental factors. He shows that demise is unavoidable, and is consistently happening, even at assumed blissful minutes. Be that as it may, Larkin additionally parts of the bargains development, to show that passing, albeit unavoidable, isn't really last, and that there is potential for a life following death. The rehashed reference to white additionally serves to show the different sides of death; while it is unadulterated and honest, it is likewise despairing. By embodying demise, Larkin shows that however one can assess passing from alternate points of view, it unavoidably comes back to the uncalled for and unfeeling nature of death. He additionally specifies â€Å"chestnut flowers,† â€Å"white lilac,† and â€Å"Queen Anne’s lace,† three white blossoms, to speak to the different sides of death. Larkin represents the white lilacs, which are commonly emblematic or young candor, to bow to death to show that demise is unflinching to its subordinate, youth. Howeverâ â€Å"white hours,† â€Å"and chestnut flowers† serve to portray a rich, charming air, which additionally depicts passing. Along these lines, Larkin shows a hint of something to look forward to for a future after death, and permits the peruser alleviation and unwinding when moving towar d death. In utilizing the imagery of white and blossoms, sound to word imitation, and applicable accentuation, Larkin can depict passing as both everlasting and cheerful, and to reestablish a positive feeling around death’s discouraging nature.

The Best Scholarships in Connecticut

​You’re on your way to college soon, ready to study for your dream job. Great! Except only now has it hit you: that â€Å"broke college student† stereotype really is true. Paying for college is extremely difficult, especially if you don’t want to rack up serious debt with the government or the Bank of Mom and Dad. You certainly don’t want to be in debt with either. Your university’s financial aid office is always a big help, especially if you fill out your FAFSA every year. When that isn’t enough, your only other means of keeping yourself afloat is through local Connecticut scholarships.Many Connecticut universities, even high-caliber ones like Yale, offer their students scholarships just for being a student. You can also get scholarships just for pursuing a certain major or playing your favorite sport. Scholarships have the added benefit of looking great on your resume, too. The best part is that most scholarships and grants donâ€⠄¢t need to be repaid, so there’s zero debt when you get your degree. Not convinced? Take a look at the variety of Connecticut aid below and see for yourself.​ 1.Connecticut BBB Student Ethics Scholarship Award If you’re a Connecticut resident and still in high school, the Better Business Bureau wants to help you get into college. This generous $2,500 scholarship is for those who show leadership, integrity, and academic merit. You’ll also need to submit a 500-word essay on character ethics, which will be judged by a panel. This scholarship can still be yours even if you plan to attend a two-year college, so it is worth a shot.You can learn more about the ​Connecticut BBB Student Ethics Scholarship Award here. 2.Connecticut Society of Professional Journalists Scholarship If journalism is your thing, this $2,500 scholarship is for you. You qualify as long as you’ll be starting your third or fourth year in journalism at a Connecticut university. You also qualify if you are a Connecticut resident enrolled in an accredited university, no matter where that university is. Online students, your prayers are answered. You’ll also need to submit a 500-word essay, but that shouldn’t be a problem for any true ace reporter.You can learn more about the Connecticut Society of Professional Journalists Scholarship here. 3.Karen Ann Shopis-Fox Memorial Scholarship How about a $2,500 scholarship for all you landscape architecture students out there? This scholarship is open to any Connecticut undergraduate in the field, as well as graduating seniors who have a graduate program already lined up. What makes this scholarship even more special is that if you’ve gotten it before, you can still reapply. For the uninitiated: very few scholarships even do this. Membership with the American Society of Landscape Architects is not required.You can learn more about the ​Karen Ann Shopis-Fox Memorial Scholarship here. 4.Governor's Scholarship – Need and Merit-Based Award The Governor of Connecticut is looking for deserving high schoolers to hand a $5,000 scholarship to. As you might expect, it has tough requirements. You’ll need to be at 20% class rank, have an SAT score of 1800 or an ACT score of 27. You’ll also need to attend either a private nonprofit university or a public university. Ask your high school’s guidance counselor about this one and be ready to fill out a FAFSA.You can learn more about theGovernor's Scholarship – Need and Merit-Based Award here. 5.The Federated Garden Clubs of Connecticut, Inc. Scholarship Fund Do you love learning about the environment? If you’re majoring in environmental studies or a related field, then this $2,500 scholarship is right up your alley. To qualify, you must be a Connecticut resident, you must be attending a university in any state in America in your third or fourth year, you must have a 3.0 GPA, and you must prove you need financial help. The only students that are not eligible are Ph.D. candidates.You can learn more about The Federated Garden Clubs of Connecticut, Inc. Scholarship Fund here. ​ 6.Alma Exley Scholarship Program If you are African-American, Asian-American, Native American or any other minority looking to become a teacher, take a look at this $5,000 scholarship. It’s awarded every year to minority college juniors, seniors or master’s degree-seekers in education. To apply, just get in touch with the dean or director of your program and they should have an application handy. This award also extends to minorities in teacher training programs, so long as they live in Connecticut.You can learn more about the ​Alma Exley Scholarship Program here. 7.The Connecticut Community Foundation Rather than just one scholarship, the Connecticut Community Foundation is a resource. Just one online application signs you up for more than 45 scholarships worth at least $1,000 each. All you have to do to apply is be a resident of any of the cities in the Connecticut Community Foundation’s service area. These cities include Bethlehem, Naugatuck, Litchfield, Southbury, Thomaston, Beacon Falls, Prospect, Bridgewater, New Milford, Roxbury, Waterbury, Morris and several other cities in Connecticut.You can learn more about​The Connecticut Community Foundation here. 8.Connecticut Independent College Student Grant Program No matter what your plan to major in, you will need this grant. At $7,875, this scholarship is one of the single largest in the state. The better news is that this scholarship is awarded based on your financial needs. There’s also no form to fill out, other than your friendly neighborhood FAFSA. Just ask your university’s financial aid office and they can help you learn more. Do not let this one pass you by.You can learn more about the ​Connecticut Independent College Student Grant Program here. 9.Connecticut Rising Junior Accounting Scholarship Crunching the numbers is what accountants do best, so what better than a $5,000 scholarship to make things easier? If you’re a sophomore, this renewable scholarship is just the thing to help. Just create an account on the site linked above and apply with the online form before the due date. $5,000 can solve a lot of problems both in and out of any Connecticut resident’s classroom, so if you qualify, give it a shot.You can learn more about the ​Connecticut Rising Junior Accounting Scholarship here. 10.Tina E. Yeh Community Service Fellowship Even Yale students need help from time to time. If you are Asian-American and currently enrolled, recently graduated or are attending graduate school at Yale, this $3,000 scholarship is there for you. This is a fellowship, so you will need to volunteer at a nonprofit organization and file a report about your time there when you are finished. You’ll also need to be there as a resource for others who are interested in this scholarship.You can learn more about the ​Tina E. Yeh Community Service Fellowship here. 11.Connecticut Architecture Foundation Scholarships If you are a full-time undergraduate or graduate student studying architecture, here is a nifty $5,000 scholarship for you. While they usually prefer students at select universities, the Connecticut Architecture Foundation still encourages aspiring Connecticut architects to apply online. If your architecture program is NAAB accredited and you can prove you live or work in Connecticut, this scholarship could indeed be yours. Students in transition between undergraduate and graduate studies are also eligible.You can learn more about the ​Connecticut Architecture Foundation Scholarships here. 12.Connecticut Building Congress Scholarships This $2,000 scholarship is open to Connecticut high schoolers looking to get into construction management, surveying, engineering and similar majors. What makes this scholarship stand out is that it is open to students pursuing an associate’s, bachelor’s or master’s degree. To apply, just fill out a FAFSA and the organization’s online form. You’ll also be writing up a 500-word essay on how your degree will work out in the industry, so be prepared to write.You can learn more about the ​Connecticut Building Congress Scholarships here. 13.Connecticut National Guard Foundation Scholarship Program Is someone in your immediate family a member of the Connecticut National Guard and Organized Militia or the Connecticut ARMY National Guard? If so, you could be eligible for a generous $4,000 scholarship. To apply, you will need to submit a 200-word personal statement detailing your future goals and plans for how you will pursue your chosen major. Have your printer fired up as well, since you will want to submit these via snail mail?You can learn more about the ​Connecticut National Guard Foundation Scholarship Program here. 14.Win Cash for Class Scholarship Program If you are a member of Connecticut’s Healthcare Financial Management Association, you or your family members can apply for this $4,000 scholarship. This scholarship is open to both full time and part time accounting, finance, business an information systems students attending any university located in Connecticut. All you have to do is submit an essay and fill out the online application. If a panel of judges likes your essay, you could win the top prize.You can learn more about the ​Win Cash for Class Scholarship Program here. 15.Yale New Haven Hospital Minority Nursing and Allied Health Scholarships If you are a Native American, African-American, Hispanic, Alaska Native or Asian and are about to graduate high school, give this scholarship a look. If you are from Greater New Haven and planning to study nursing or a related major, you could get your hands on a four-year scholarship for $2,000 per year. If you are studying to get your master’s in physical therapy, pharmacy or occupational therapy, you also qualify for this generous scholarship.You can learn more about the Yale New Haven Hospital Minority Nursing and Allied Health Scholarships here. 16.Tabor Foundation Fund Residents of northeast Dutchess County and northwest Litchfield County who are studying health care may want to bookmark this $4,000 scholarship. The Tabor Foundation is giving out this scholarship to health care majors, but you must be intending to work outside of these areas. They do favor people taking care of dependent family members during college, so this could be a big break. You’ll have to create an account on the site linked above to apply.You can learn more about the ​Tabor Foundation Fund here. 17.David Silverstone Watershed Fund Leadership Scholarship Here is a very generous $5,000 scholarship for anyone passionate about the environment, courtesy of The Watershed Fund. If you are a graduate or upper-level undergraduate student specializing in environmental studies with excellent grades and credentials and have a FAFSA filled out, you could walk away with this scholarship. This is mostly a need-based scholarship, but if you live in cities including Derby, Killingworth, New Haven, Bethany, Prospect, Branford, or West Haven, you are eligible.You can learn more about the ​David Silverstone Watershed Fund Leadership Scholarship here. 18.Passport to Promise This $1,000 scholarship may not seem like much compared to the ones listed thus far, but it isn’t called the â€Å"Passport to Promise† for nothing. If you maintain a minimum 2.0 GPA during your freshman year, you will be automatically eligible for higher-paying scholarships. To qualify, you must have at least a 2.5 GPA, live in New Haven and have a sharp attendance record, along with a few other requirements. You can apply at http://app.newhavenpromise.org.You can learn more about the ​Passport to Promise here. 19.The Teddy Lee Drumm Memorial Scholarship If you feel your grades will prevent you from getting a scholarship, the Teddy Lee Drumm Memorial Scholarship is here for you. This $1,500 scholarship is aimed at highly motivated Sharon residents looking for help with their college, university, vocational or professional studies. It also doesn’t matter where in the United States your school is located. It’s perfect for online students. Just visit the link above and create an account with the site to apply.You can learn more about ​The Teddy Lee Drumm Memorial Scholarship here. 20.The Robert T. Kenney Scholarship Program at the American Savings Foundation Here is a $3,500 need-based grant for community college, university and vocational students in any of 64 cities across Connecticut. If you have an American Savings Foundation location in your city, you are likely eligible for this scholarship. What makes this scholarship especially remarkable is that most recipients receive financial support for all four years of their respective programs, enhancing its value significantly. With roughly 400 scholarships given out annually, this is a fantastic opportunity.You can learn more about The Robert T. Kenney Scholarship Program at the American Savings Foundation here. 21.Caryn Nesbitt, M.D. Memorial Scholarship Female graduate students in the medical field will appreciate this renewable $2,000 scholarship for both its value and its rarity. To qualify, you must be a resident of Lyme, Waterford, Groton, Stonington, Ledyard and other cities in the area. You’ll also need excellent grades, faculty recommendations and be able to prove your financial need. If you are studying to be in primary or women’s care and will have your practice in southeastern Connecticut, even better.You can learn more about the ​Caryn Nesbitt, M.D. Memorial Scholarship here. 22.CarterCares Scholarship From Connecticut’s Carter Mario Injury Lawyers comes a nice $2,000 prize for high school seniors who will be in college come the fall semester. This program has been around for more than a decade in an effort to reduce needless deaths on the road. The law firm is passionate about preventing distracted driving, so the essay you must submit revolves around this. With six scholarships up for grabs, this scholarship is certainly worth a shot.You can learn more about the ​CarterCares Scholarship here. 23.The Connecticut Library Association Scholarship Are you a member of the Connecticut Library Association? If you also still live in Connecticut or work in a Connecticut library, you qualify or this $2,000 scholarship. You must also be studying for your Bachelors or Masters in Library Science with an accredited program. This scholarship is also renewable, but you will need to reapply to receive it. If you do receive this award, you’ll also get to attend the Connecticut Library Association’s conference.You can learn more aboutThe Connecticut Library Association Scholarship here. 24.DiGiovanni Future Teacher Scholarship Fund Are you or one of your parents affiliated with the Connecticut Education Association? If so, you’ll want to look into their $2,000 scholarship for teachers-to-be. You must be a full-time student with at least three semesters behind you and must be pursuing a teaching career in Connecticut. You’ll also need to maintain at least a 3.0 GPA and demonstrate your financial need. Visit the link above for more information or contact Jeff Leake to apply.You can learn more about the ​DiGiovanni Future Teacher Scholarship Fund here. 25.Hartford Foundation College Scholarships If you are a resident of the Greater Hartford area, the Hartford Foundation wants to help you pay for college by any means necessary. Just one online application gives you a shot at more than 50 scholarships worth at least $3,000 each. If you will be starting your first year of college soon, will be a full-time student, have an excellent academic record and need a financial boost to make college feasible, then you qualify.You can learn more about the ​Hartford Foundation College Scholarships here. 26.The Leonard H. Bulkeley Scholarship Fund Who knew you could find scholarships on Facebook? If you live in New London, have a Facebook account and are between the ages of 12 and 25, you can apply for this scholarship.The Fund’s Facebook page is where they post announcements, deadlines and more, so don’t let this $2,500 scholarship pass you by.You can learn more about​The Leonard H. Bulkeley Scholarship Fund here. 27.The Connecticut Junior Soccer Association Scholarship A scholarship from playing The Beautiful Game; what could be better? If you played in a soccer club affiliated with the Connecticut Junior Soccer Association, have a C+ GPA and plan to go to college, this $1,000 scholarship is no penalty. Your skills on the pitch aren’t enough, though. You’ll also need to write up a 250-word essay on what The Beautiful Game means to you. If the Association likes your essay, they’ll interview you.You can learn more about The Connecticut Junior Soccer Association Scholarship here. 28.CATA Penny F. Dunker-Polek Scholarship Speaking of sports, this $1,000 scholarship is targeted at undergraduate athletic training students, particularly those who are members of the National Athletic Training Association and the Connecticut Athletic Training Association. You must be a junior or senior, be in good academic standing and must be nominated by a licensed athletic trainer living in Connecticut. The athletic trainer nominating does not have to be a CATA member. Be sure to visit the link above for details.You can learn more about the ​CATA Penny F. Dunker-Polek Scholarship here. 29.Joe Lieberman Connecticut Scholarship Program The $1,500 Joe Lieberman Connecticut Scholarship program is a very popular one that ends quickly because it only accepts the first 500 applications they receive. If you are a citizen or legal permanent resident, are a high school senior and have a 3.5 or better GPA, you’re in. What makes this scholarship stand out is that it can be used toward any university or vocational school. It’s also open to homeschoolers, so don’t miss out.You can learn more about the ​Joe Lieberman Connecticut Scholarship Program here. 30.Dr. Diters Scholarship If you are a high school student in Canton heading to medical school soon, this $5,000 scholarship is an excellent way to start your college career. This scholarship, provided by the Canton Community Health Fund, is open to students in health-related fields. You can apply through your high school guidance counselor or fill out the online form. You will need to fill out a FAFSA and take your SAT or ACT before applying.You can learn more about the​Dr. Diters Scholarship here. 31.Karl J. Schwartz Rotary Award Fund Scholarship Program If you are a college-bound high school senior living in Bristol, Terryville, Southington, Plainville, Burlington or Plymouth, this renewable $6,000 scholarship is worth a shot. So long as you attend full-time and maintain a 3.0 GPA or better, you qualify for this scholarship. All you have to do to apply is download, fill out and mail in the application on the above webpage. You don’t have to be a member of the Bristol Rotary Club.You can learn more about the ​Karl J. Schwartz Rotary Award Fund Scholarship Program here. ​We've worked hard to include a variety of scholarship opportunities within our list. If you have any suggestions on additional scholarships, please feel free to leave them in the comments section.

Persuasive Essay About Gay Adoption - 1639 Words

Isabel Redinger Miss Windish English II 7 October 2017 At Least Some Kids will Have a Fashion Sense Unhealthy, immoral, and harmful. What do these words have in common? They don’t describe gay adoption. The common misconceptualization that gay people get to choose their sexuality is false, so why should parents who were born with a different sexuality be scorned for wanting to adopt? Most people agree with the statement that children deserve to live in a home with a loving family rather than be stuck in an orphanage until they’re old enough to live alone. Same sex adoption has success stories, studies, and statistics that back up why it’s a great thing that should be legally allowed. In America, every state is legally obligated to allow†¦show more content†¦Harm inflicted on gay people is sometimes caused when people try to force people to fit gender roles.Violence can be influenced when people are around peers, causing these acts to usually occur in front of or with friends who are also homophobic. These un ruly behaviors stem from people who want to have close relationships mixing with an over exaggerated sense of masculinity. One attacker stated that they feel as though LGBT people should be ashamed of being different, and another abuser targeted gay people for not conforming to his idea of masculinity (Franklin). There are many common myths about gay adoption. One popular argument is that having two parents of the same gender means that role models aren’t being fit correctly. What people don’t consider is that these role models aren’t being fit when kids are forced to live in orphanages due to laws preventing gay people from adopting them. Parents aren’t the only role models for kids. Uncles, aunts, teachers, and other adults in the lives of children can all be excellent role models. Another common myth is that people in LGBT relations can’t be good influences and will teach their children to be unethical and dishonest. The truth of the matter is that the sexuality of a parent has nothing to do with what type of behavior they show as far as ethics and honesty work. One worry that people who are against gay adoption have is that children of LGBT parents will beShow MoreRelatedThe Same Sex Marriage Should Be Equal Rights1393 Words   |  6 PagesAnother persu asive data is the constitutions which is based on the civil rights protection and ensure that each citizens has the right to participate in public social life. According to records, there are plenty of international civil rights declaration documents consider marriage and family as individuals or groups who are entitled to the protection of the government as human beings.† The US Supreme Court ruled by a 5-to-4 vote on Friday that constitution guarantees a right to homosexual marriageRead More Equal Rights for ALL Americans Essay2293 Words   |  10 Pagesthe belief that all Americans should be granted equal rights no matter what their skin color or cultural background. Granting gays the right to marry would simply be giving all people equal rights in the issue of marriage. When it comes to the issue of gay marriage, Americans have many different views. Research shows that the majority of Americans oppose gay marriage, but when it comes to deciding who should make the laws, Americans are split in half (Bayles 6). 48% of Americans saidRead MoreOne Significant Change That Has Occurred in the World Between 1900 and 2005. Explain the Impact This Change Has Made on Our Lives and Why It Is an Important Change.163893 Words   |  656 PagesPHILADELPHIA Temple University Press 1601 North Broad Street Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122 www.temple.edu/tempress Copyright  © 2010 by Temple University All rights reserved Published 2010 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Essays on twentieth century history / edited by Michael Peter Adas for the American Historical Association. p. cm.—(Critical perspectives on the past) Includes bibliographical references. ISBN 978-1-4399-0269-1 (cloth : alk. paper)—ISBN 978-1-4399-0270-7Read MoreOrganisational Theory230255 Words   |  922 Pagestruth is out there, and we can objectively know it Philosophical disputes around the role of the subjective in science Epistemological and ontolological disputes: how can we ever know the ‘truth’ and is there an ‘out there’? A few words of warning about the term postmodernism Overview of the structure and rationale of the book Chapter summaries Chapter 2: Modernist organization theory: back to the future? Chapter 3: Neo-modernist organization theory: putting people first? Chapter 4: Neo-modernistRead MoreStephen P. Robbins Timothy A. Judge (2011) Organizational Behaviour 15th Edition New Jersey: Prentice Hall393164 Words   |  1573 PagesEnvironment 22 †¢ Improving Ethical Behavior 22 Coming Attractions: Developing an OB Model 23 An Overview 23 †¢ Inputs 24 †¢ Processes 25 †¢ Outcomes 25 Summary and Impli cations for Managers 30 S A L Self-Assessment Library How Much Do I Know About Organizational Behavior? 4 Myth or Science? â€Å"Most Acts of Workplace Bullying Are Men Attacking Women† 12 An Ethical Choice Can You Learn from Failure? 24 glOBalization! Does National Culture Affect Organizational Practices? 30 Point/Counterpoint LostRead MoreDeveloping Management Skills404131 Words   |  1617 Pages372 7 MANAGING CONFLICT 373 SKILL ASSESSMENT 374 Diagnostic Surveys for Managing Conflict 374 Managing Interpersonal Conflict 374 Strategies for Handling Conflict 375 SKILL LEARNING 376 Interpersonal Conflict Management 376 Mixed Feelings About Conflict 376 Diagnosing the Type of Interpersonal Conflict 378 Conflict Focus 378 Conflict Source 380 Selecting the Appropriate Conflict Management Approach 383 Comparing Conflict Management and Negotiation Strategies 386 Selection Factors 386 Resolving

Love Is A Powerful Human Emotion - 1430 Words

Love is a powerful human emotion. Everyone will experience love at some point in their life. It is almost impossible to avoid love. From loving your parents as a baby to loving your first pet, you will encounter it. â€Å"Every human being is capable of love but unfortunately, many have crippled themselves with all kinds of stupid belief systems, opinions, philosophies, ideologies — everything except life. If you are life, it is very natural to love† (Sandhguru). The four young lovers in â€Å"A Midsummer Night’s Dream† encountered love and ended up doing anything to keep that love. In the beginning of â€Å"A Midsummer Night’s Dream† Hermia and her father, Egeus, are arguing over who she should marry. Back in these times a father could decide who his daughter marries whether she loves the man or not. Hermia has fallen in love with Lysander but her father wants her to marry Demetrius. The love Hermia feels for Lysander is so strong that she doesn’t care what her father thinks. Hermia and Lysander form a plan to escape Athens and go into the woods where they can love freely. â€Å"In A Midsummer Night’s Dream, Athens represents the physically grounded world of facts, while the woods represent the metaphysical world of the poet’s imagination† (Ritcher). The consequences of these actions do not even occur to Hermia and Lysander because the power of love blinds them. Hermia does not realize that she is breaking Athenian law by not wanting to marry the man her father has chosen for her. But againShow MoreRelatedComparing Emot ions : Love And Hate881 Words   |  4 PagesComparing Emotions: Love and Hate Emotions come with every thought and action that is had throughout the day. Whether it is an emotion towards an academic class, the nerves of meeting someone new, or even what is felt about the day as a whole; there is always an emotion that is being felt. The two most extreme emotions are hate and love. Most sub-emotions come from these two powerful feelings. Anger, happiness, sorrow, and anxiety can all be results of both love and hate. To most, these emotions seemRead MoreLove Has Many Definitions Essay791 Words   |  4 PagesWhat is love? Webster defines love as â€Å"a strong affection for another arising out of kinship or personal ties maternal love for a child (2): attraction based on sexual desire: affection and tenderness felt by lovers (3): affection based on admiration, benevolence, or common interests love for his old schoolmates.† Love comes in many forms. Unconditional love, the love of a mother for her child, romantic love, the love for your partner and passi on or lust, a more sexual emotion towards a personRead MoreThe Theme Of Love In Hard Times By Charles Dickens1366 Words   |  6 Pagesarticulated by the American author Leo Buscaglia, â€Å"Man has no choice but to love. For when he does not, he finds his alternatives lie in loneliness, destruction and despair.† Love truly is an essential emotion that forms and strengthens one’s character, allowing one to empathize and connect with others. However, this powerful emotion is often undervalued and ignored in society, where the need for Fact triumphs over the need for love, and the mind is cultivated at the expense of the heart. Such a societyRead MoreRomance Love And Society1475 Words   |  6 PagesRomance, Love and Society Love is arguably one of the most overused words in the English vocabulary. People use love as a synonym for sexual desire, for expressing friendly care, or for appreciating inanimate objects. In a romantic date, for instance, one can say â€Å"I love you† to a beloved and, at the same time, say â€Å"I love this meal† in reference to the good food that was served. However, when it comes to love between two people, love or romance is a very powerful abstract force in human nature.Read MoreThe Nature Of Love As Described By Helen Fischer1255 Words   |  6 Pagesâ€Å"The evolution of love is ever changing. Its biochemical foundations and its vital importance to human society are informing and transforming the way we understand ourselves†. TED speaker Helen Fischer states that this expression known as love derives from three basic human neural happenings, sex drive, romantic love, and attachment. Once all of these stages fall into place within the brain, the phen omenon known as love occurs, according to Helen Fischer. The depth of it all depends on how deep,Read MoreTragedy Essay1652 Words   |  7 Pages4/2/12 Tragedy From Afar Catharsis, the dramatic event that describes the emotional cleansing of the general audience, prevails in many tragedies. It provides an extreme change in emotion, as the result of experiencing strong feelings. It has been described as †purification or a purging of emotions (Aristotle 22). Shakespeare’s Macbeth represented a tragedy, because of the  loss and destruction of lives. More specifically, the large-scale destruction and loss that resulted was Macbeth’sRead More1984 Analytical Essay861 Words   |  4 Pages992542 P.5 Finesse of Emotions What makes us human? What makes us human is our curiosity and constant evolution. What makes us human is the ability to create social categories and to form opinions. Abstract emotions including love, thought and creativity are what make us human. In 1984, George Orwell uses his dystopia to show that if we were to abolish these abstract emotions we would cease to be human and become the simple primates we once were; surviving for the sake of survival. Read MoreThe Divided Nature of Human Personality in Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde1108 Words   |  5 PagesHow does Stevenson explore the Divided Nature of Human personality abd Victorian Society in The Strange Case of Dr Jekyll and Hyde? The Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde is a Gothic Horror story written by Robert Louis Stevenson in the 19th Victorian Century. The story is told from the point of view of John Utterson, a lawyer and friend to the brilliant scientist, Dr. Henry Jekyll. After relating a disturbing tale of an angry fiend assaulting a small girl, Utterson begins to questionRead MorePresentation of Loss in Birdsong998 Words   |  4 Pagesafter the First World War. Automatically one would think of the loss of life that was suffered during this time, but the loss of life is not the only form loss suffered during this time. Standing side -by -side with the loss of life is the loss of love and the loss of faith. Faulks uses vivid descriptions and contrasting images to place the reader at the scene and make them empathise with the characters. Loss is one of the most poignant themes in the book, and is one that fuels a majority of theRead MoreWhat Is Love? What It Is?1527 Words   |  7 PagesWhat is Love? When asked the question â€Å"What is Love?† what are some of the first things that come to mind? Some people might say it is an emotion that we experience when we interact with the world around us. People can have love for many things such as money and other material possessions, family and friends, even the world around them. These are just a few examples of how we often use love in our lives. However, love is not only confined to our lives, it is also a very important emotion in religions

Women in Prison free essay sample

A paper which discusses womens correctional facilities in the United States. The paper shows that womens correctional facilities are a common feature in the American state and federal prison systems, but this was not always the case in the early nineteenth century, women were imprisoned alongside the men in state facilities. The paper traces the history of the establishment of separate institutes as well as illustrates, with statistical data, the rise in female inmates. Finally, it looks at the future of these facilities and how they can be improved. The number of women in prison has been increasing and is likely to continue to do so, especially so long as the drug trade attracts many women and so leaves them open to arrest. More women than men in prison are drug users, another reason for the large number of women imprisoned for drug offenses. There will be more pressure in the future for added protections for women in prison, such as providing for more women corrections officers to reduce sexual abuse. We will write a custom essay sample on Women in Prison or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Better facilities for family visits and for keeping infant children with their mothers would also benefit the inmates, the children, and society at large.

Jet Blue Case Analysis free essay sample

Technological * Beginning e-ticketing * Automated systems (cockpits) * Advertisements (newly introduced animated) Porters Bargaining power of Buyer: H Threat of Substitute: H Bargaining Power of Suppliers: H Threat of New Entrance: L Competitive Rivalry: H Core Competencies: Logistics Competitive Advantage: Efficiency Strategy: LCP 4p’s Product: JetBlue is cornering the marketplace with its productivity, in-flight features, and customer service. Due to the fact that the company only purchases new planes of a single type, maintenance downtime is reduced and it is able to keep its planes in the air. In fact, JetBlue maintains the highest in-air average in the industry. Additionally, JetBlue employs an operational recovery tool technology that allows planners to minimize flight cancellations and delays. On board, JetBlue prides itself on treating all customers as equals and providing more comfort than other airlines. Features that draw customers in include assigned leather seats, more leg room, and superior on-board service. Furthermore, JetBlue is one only a few airlines that offers each passenger free Direct TV and XM satellite radio entertainment. We will write a custom essay sample on Jet Blue Case Analysis or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Finally, with regard to customer service, JetBlue focuses intently on attracting and motivating a talented workforce. The company gives each employee a sense of ownership in the operations. This value and respect bestowed on each employee translates into a motivated, productive workforce that focuses on customer satisfaction and exceeds consumer expectations. Price: Although JetBlue focuses on service value through highly productive personnel and aircraft, potential consumers are still interested in value when they fly; the Price aspect of the marketing mix. Customers are interested in quality service at a reasonable price. In this regard, JetBlue excels, doing things that their competitors cannot or will not; offering the cheapest fares, cross-country. With its low-cost strategy, JetBlue has found that it can increase market share and dazzle customers with top-quality at lower prices. This combination has generated a significant competitive advantage for other airlines to surmount. (Penetration) Place: JetBlue continues to analyze the market. Through an investigative study, the company determined it was best not to compete in the New York-Boston and New York-Washington shuttle markets with the current dominance of Delta and US Airways shuttles. However, JetBlue is considering giving major airlines a run for their money as they consider to enter the high-demand Caribbean market. Promotion: JetBlue surprisingly has quickly garnered a loyal, satisfied group of flyers which has led to repeat business. As JetBlue has discovered that attracting new customers and customer turnover can be costly, the company focuses strong attention on customer retention through its high quality/low cost strategy and free word of mouth advertising. This approach helps increase the company’s profit margin and simultaneously reduce costs.

Examine Oscar Schlinder essays

Examine Oscar Schlinder essays Oscar Schlinder was a businessman and a German, who owned his own business. Most of his workers were Jewish people and when the war broke out, his were taken and some have to shove snow and if they didnt work or if they were disabled they where shot. When his workers were taken to Concentration Camp, and he went straight down there to get them back, he said that they were very good workers. He hated what the Nazis where doing to the Jews. Every now and then he would save a few more Jews. Oscar changed his business t making war machines, and so he needed a lot more Jewish people, including children, although the Nazis didnt like it. Oscar would lie and say that some had died and he needed more Jews, by, he had really helped them across the boarder. He saved 1000s of Jewish people; he even got ladies come to him at work asking him if he could save their parent or Grandparents from a Concentration Camp. I think the main reason why Oscar was so nice to Jewish people was because he had so many working for him before the war and his closest friend he worked with was a Jew, and after Oscar saw what was happening to the Jews after they died and how they died if they werent shot, he tried to save even more. After the war the Jewish People he had Saved, made a grave for him, although they didnt really know if he was alive or dead, as no one heard anything about him after he left the Camp, 12:05am, when all the Jews where allowed to go. The holocaust was very well presented in the film. You could see what happened to the Jews, from the beginning, when they were kicked of out of there homes, if they worked for Germans, they either lost their jobs or kept them on without pay. You see them getting packed on train cages with no food, no water and no place to go to the toilet. There were separate train or cages for women and children and the other for men. These trains headed for concentration Camps all over Germ ...

Computer Operating Systems Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3250 words

Computer Operating Systems - Research Paper Example It manages the resources of the computer. It allocates the CPU, memory and the input/output devices. It manages the data that is it handles the storage of the data it manages the input and output. It enables communication between the system and the user. There are different types of operating system available in the market such as Real-time, Multi-user, Multi-tasking, Distributed and Embedded. Real-time operating systems are used in applications which are real-time . Multi-user operating system are useful when there are more than one users to access a single computer at the same time. In Multi-tasking operating systems different tasks are executed at the same time. In Distributed operating system many computers are connected together to give the appearance of a single computer. Embedded operating systems are used in systems which are embedded. â€Å"Examples of popular modern operating systems include Android,BSD,iOS,GNU/Linux,Mac OS X,Microsoft Windows, Windows Phone and IBM z/OSâ €  (Operating System para. 4). In this research we will discuss various operating systems such as Snow Leopard, Windows, Linux, Unix and Ubuntu. We will study the advantages and disadvantages of these operating systems. We will also learn how these operating systems are installed in the computer. Snow Leopard – Snow leopard is an operating system used in Macintosh systems. It has a high performance, good efficiency and uses less memory to run. It is compatible with the new hardware of Macintosh. â€Å"New programming frameworks such as OpenCL were created allowing software developers to use graphic cards in their applications† (Mac OS X Snow Leopard para.2). It is not compatible with the Mac systems which use processors like PowerPC. â€Å"As support for Rosetta was dropped in Mac OS Lion, Snow Leopard is the last version of Mac OS X that is able to run PowerPC-only applications† (Mac OS X Snow Leopard para.2). It supports Intel’s Core Solo and Core Du o Processors which are 32-bit. Power is managed properly as new features like the â€Å"wake on demand feature supported on more recent Macintosh hardware. Wake on demand takes advantage of the sleepy proxy service implemented in Airport and Time Capsule routers, so that the computer can sleep while the router responds to mDNS queries. Should the request require the host computer to wake up, the router sends the necessary special wake-up-packet to sleeping computer† (Mac OS X Snow Leopard pg.4). System requirements of Snow Leopard are – A Mac Computer consisting of Intel processor RAM of 1GB Minimum 5GB free space DVD drive or USB for installing Some features need more requirements such as – â€Å"QuickTime H.264 hardware acceleration support, requires an Nvidia GeForce 9400M,320M, or GT330M graphics card† â€Å"OpenCL, requires a supported Nvidia or ATI graphics card† (Mac OS X Snow Leopard pg.2). Advantages and disadvantages – It is best t o use same company’s software and hardware while designing a system, but Snow Leopard uses Intel Processors and Nvidia graphic cards. This affects the performance of the system. There are least chances of virus attacks as compared to windows. There are less gaming features in it as most gaming companies prefer providing softwares for Windows operating system. There are interesting softwares bundled with Snow Leopard. Its desktop is very attractive. Installation – 1. Insert the Snow Leopard installation DVD in to the disk. 2. Double- click Install button. 3. Click on the continue button and accept

The Christian Paradox Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

The Christian Paradox - Essay Example At the same time, three quarters of American believe that one of the teachings of the Bible is: "God helps those who help themselves". An anti-Christian statement said by Benjamin Franklin. What Jesus actually said was "Love your neighbor as yourself". This is one of the most important principles of the Bible's teachings. How could something as clear as this ideal of selfless love and care for the others, become the opposite at the core of people's beliefs While we are among the richest nations in the earth, we rank among the last countries in giving aid to the poor countries. We provide 15 cents each per day to the official development assistance to poor countries. Yet the point is, as McKibben says, not that America ranks bad in these categories; "it's that the overwhelmingly Christian American nation trails badly in all these categories, categories to which Jesus paid particular attention". What Jesus Christ meant by loving our neighbors was to help the poor, the sick, the naked and hungry; not our suburban fellows. This wisdom didn't apparently became very popular at the suburban mega-churches, where you can buy lattes and listen to self-centered sermons such as "how to discipline your children, how to reach your professional goals, how to invest your money, how to reduce your debt" (McKibben, 2005). When did faith become a marketing product for consumers Chris... Let's forget about Jesus focus on others, and make best-sellers filled with self-improvement, self-esteem, self-obsessed advice. Bill McKibben is an environmental writer. He is surprised to see yet another example of the Christian paradox in our environmental policies. Countries where religion is not so important, such as Norway and Sweden, actually are more concerned about a healthy atmosphere than us. In these places they have taken much more measures to protect their environment; like cutting back on their carbon emissions, using public transport, living in smaller places, etc. Instead, the U.S.A., one of the countries that produces the most carbon emissions1, is not signed up at the Kyoto Protocol. Would it be better if we abandoned our so-called Christianity The author wonders if in the "absence of the magical answers of religion, people might just get around to solving their problems and strengthening their communities in more straightforward ways". Yet, it seems like this nation will stay a "Christian nation, but what kind of Christian nation"(McKibben, 2005). Examples like Alabama's governor's failed attempt to change the tax rate or the Colorado jury who condemned someone to death based on the "eye for an eye" philosophy, illustrate once more, the abyss that exists between Jesus' will and the actual politics. In the words of McKibben: "they undercut Jesus, muffle his hard words, deaden his call, and in the end silence him. In fact, the soft-focus consumer gospel of the suburban megachurches is a perfect match for emergent conservative economic notions about personal responsibility instead of collective action".(McKibben, 2005). Can we really blame only the religious leaders for our counter-biblical behavior We are

Max Hamburger Essay Example for Free

Max Hamburger Essay History- Established in 1968, Max was the first burger fast food chain in Sweden. Their founders Curt Bergfors and Britta Anderson opened their first restaurant in Gallivare, high up in the northern part of Sweden. Max is a second generation family owned company run by the sons of founder Curt Bergfors. The name Max stems from founder’s nickname. The founder, Curt Bergfors is still active in the company as Chairman of Board, and family still owns 1000 percent of the company. Richard Bergfors is the company’s President and Christoffer Bergfors is the Vice President. Market Analysis 2007 was the year when Max took a good hard look at themselves, in terms of climate change. After hearing the reports of how global warming is affecting their planet, Max started thinking on how to make a change? Max realized that they were part of problem but they also want to be part of solution. Max conducted a climate inventory that also included their suppliers. In assistance with the Natural Step and UW, Max analyzed the entire production chain. The direct climate impacts were analyzed using the Greenhouse Gas Protocol, which also forms the basis for international ISO standards, 14. 065. The analysis included energy consumption in buildings, transports, packaging, and the climate impacts from each respective ingredient. In food production the main contributors to the greenhouse effect are carbon dioxide, methane and nitrous oxide. They soon realized that that in their business, the meat in their hamburgers was the greatest source of the emissions.

Ancient Indian Architecture :: Papers

Ancient Indian Architecture The Science of Architecture and Civil Construction was known in Ancient India as Sthapatya-Shastra. The word Sthapatya is derived from the root word Sthapana i.e. 'to establish'. The technique of architecture was both a science and an art, hence it is also known as Sthapatya-kala, the word Kala means an art. From very early times the construction of temples, palaces, rest houses and other civil construction was undertaken by professional architects known as Sthapati. Even during the Vedic times, there existed professionals who specialized in the technique of constructing chariots and other heavy instruments of war. These professionals have been referred to in the Rig Veda as Rathakara which literally means 'chariot maker'. The excavations of the ruins at Mohenjodaro and Harrappa (today in Pakistan) proved the existence of a developed Urban civilization in India. The Indus valley civilization is dated around 3000 B.C. Thus since the last 5000 years. India has had an urban civilization. The existence of an urban civilization presumes the existence of well developed techniques of architecture and construction. These techniques would no doubt have had been systematically stated in record books for transmitting them to the later generations as well for being used as reference media for actual construction. Unfortunately, as far as the Indus Valley civilization goes no such records have been preserved either as rock edicts, manuscripts, etc., or in folk tales and legends. But the fact that cities on the scale of Mohenjodaro had been constructed bear testimony to the existence of a systematized and highly developed technique of architecture 5000 years ago. But in the later ages, from about the 7th century B.C., we have both literature references as well as archeological evidences to prove the existence of large urban civilizations in the Ganges Valley. Like in most other sciences, even remotely connected with religion, in architecture also the scientific ideas and techniques have been integrated with philosophy and theology. This was so as the majority of the large constructions were temples.

Public Procurement and Contract Administration in Nigeria

PUBLIC PROCUREMENT AND CONTRACT ADMINISTRATION Overview of Procurement Procurement is the acquisition of goods, works and services at the best total cost of ownership, in the right quality and quantity and at the right time. It also involves the acquisition of goods and services at the right place and from the right source. Public Procurement is the acquisition of goods, works and services by Government Ministries Departments and Agencies. In an effort to provide development and fulfil campaign promises, governments all over the world are involved in large scale procurement of goods, works and services. Public Procurement account for substantial part of most countries GDP. The establishment of good public procurement system is increasingly being viewed as measure of accountability and transparency. The responsibility of government to ensure transparency is also increasingly becoming a serious campaign issue. Public Procurement helps ensure the judicious use of public resources. An efficient Public Procurement System will ensure at all times government acquisition of goods, works, and services are done with due regard to:  · Economy;  · Efficiency;  · Fairness;  · Reliability; Transparency; and  · Accountability and Ethical Standards. Economy: This will ensure that the procuring entity obtain the best value for the money expended. Value may include more than price. It includes quality, and timely delivery of the goods or services. However, the ultimate aim of a sound procurement is to obtain the maximum value for money. Efficiency: A good procurement must be seen to be posi tive. It should be devoid of bottlenecks and other forms of inefficiencies. A good procurement system is devoid of protracted delays. It must be simple and swift. Fairness: A good system will ensure fairness to all bidders and will be impartial, consistent, and reliable. It will ensure level playing field to all contractors, suppliers and consultants. Transparency: Good procurement system establishes and maintains rules and procedures that are accessible and unambiguous. It is not only fair, but it is seen to be fair. Accountability and Ethical Standards: A system must ensure its practitioners obey the rules. It enforces the rules through a process of sanctioning those who neglect, disobey or bend the rules to gain certain advantages. The rules and procedures must be clear and unambiguous The process of establishing formal public procurement system in Nigeria started with the election of Obasanjo in 1999. It started with the establishment of Due process office under the Presidency. The Due process office was headed then by Mrs. Oby Ekwesili, the current Vice President of World Bank in charge of African Region. The Due process Office succeeded in saving billions of Naira according to the press release by the Agency. Public Procurement bill was passed by the two houses of the National Assembly and signed into law by the President in 2007. The Act provide for the establishment of Public Procurement Council and Bureau for Public Procurement to beheaded by a Director General. Nigeria public procurement Act was enacted in 2007. Overview of Contract Administration Contract Administration on the other hand involves all those activities which are performed with aim of promoting the smooth execution of contracts. Contract Administration starts from the time a contract is signed to the time a contract is closed. There are various forms in which a contract can closes: A contract can close when an operational certificate has been issued and the contractor collects the final payment under the contract. A contract can close if it is terminated and what is due to the either of the party (client or contractor) has been paid. A contract could be terminated due non performance by the contractors, due to failure of the client to fulfil obligations under the contract or due to events or happening beyond the control of the parties to the contract (force majeure). A contract can be discharged when there is a dispute. This can happen either amicably or through mediation through arbitration and adjudication or through the court. The court is usually the last resort in this kind of settlement. Most modern contracts proscribe mediation mechanism. Contract closure should be seen as part of the procurement process that assures that the employer gets what it paid for and contractor, payment for goods or services delivered. The Role of Regulation in Public Procurement A good regulatory framework is pre-requisite for an efficient Public procurement system. The role of policy formulation should be separate from policy execution and a mechanism for handling protests must be established. Any agency involved in any form of execution of public procurement should not be involved in regulating procurement. The Nigeria Public Procurement Act is however, somehow deficient in the area of separation of policy formulation, execution and regulation and protest handling mechanism. The Bureau is involve in giving no objection for contracts yet is involve enforcing compliance with the provisions of the Act. This vested the power of execution and regulation in the Bureau. The Bureau also through the council (where the DG is the secretary) is involved in policy formulation and handling of protest. A good example of separation of regulation, execution and protest handling mechanism is the Kenyan public procurement system. It incorporated the necessary separation of execution, policy formulation and protest handling mechanism. However, this has not prevented politicians in Kenya from abusing the procurement system. In 2004 all the procurement officials in the various MDA in Kenya were suspended to allow politicians recover the money they spent in election campaign. The various agencies under the Kenyan Act are: Public Procurement Oversight Authority The functions of the Kenyan Public Procurement Oversight Authority are: To ensure that the procurement procedures established under the Act are complied with; To monitor the public procurement system and report on the overall functioning to the Minister and also do the following functions: support the training and professional development of persons involved in procurement Issue written directions to ublic entities with respect to procurement including the conduct of procurement proceedings and the dissemination of information on procurements; and ensure that procuring entities engage procurement professionals in their procurement units. To initiate public procurement policy and propose amendments to the Act. To perform such other functions and duties as provided for under the Act Public Procurement Oversight Advisory Board Composition The Public Procurement Oversight Advisory Board shall consist of nine members appointed by the Minister approved by Parliament from persons nominated by the prescribed organizations and the Director-General. Functions To advise the Authority generally on exercise of its powers and the performance of its functions To approve the estimates of the revenue and expenditures of the Authority; To recommend the appointment and termination of the Director-General of the Authority Perform such other functions and duties as provided for under the Act. Public Procurement Administrative Review Board The Public Procurement Administrative Review Board, review complaints and make appropriate recommendation to the government. The Public Procurement Oversight Authority shall provide administrative services to the Review Board. Procuring Entities (MDA) It is the responsibility of Procuring Entities to comply with provisions of the Act. Specifically the Kenyan Act provides; What is being procured must be within the approved budget of the procuring entity and included an annual procurement plan Procurement undertaken by a procuring entity must be as per threshold matrix as set out in the regulations There is adequate segregation of duties in respect of procurement initiation, processing and receipt of goods, works and services. A public entity shall establish a tender committee, procurement unit and such other bodies as required under the regulations for the purpose of making such ecisions on behalf of the public entity as specified in the Act . Procurement Planning The first thing to do in procurement is, planning the process. It involves definition of the project scope and expected completion time. Specifically, the procuring entities need to identify the required works, goods or services to be procured. The procuring entities also need to determine the various procurement sequences. The procuring entity will selec t equipment packages and choose the method of procurement to use depending on the scope and complexity of the assignment. The following methods are usually used in procurement of goods, works and services (non-intellectual services): International competitive bidding (ICB) Limited international bidding National competitive bidding Shopping Procurement Plan should separate consultancy services, works, goods and supply and installation of plants and equipments. Procurement plan should address the following; How the procurement process should be handled (ICB,NCB, Others, Co-financing) Define the timing of each step in the procurement process (Each step, Each Package). It should also identify the procurement & implementation team The plan should also take in account the approvals process and delays that may occur. It should take into account all technical, staffing, legal and training etc. Procurement Steps There should be identification of needs. The list of goods, equipment, materials plants etc. Types of Works (Large, Small, Very Small) and aassociated Services. The procuring entity should also indentify the means of transportation, distribution and training. The plan should also take into account after sales service and warranty period. The steps include the advertisement of tenders. The World Bank require advert in G. D. Market and United Nation Business on-line. National competitive bidding requires advert in at least two nationally read newspapers. The process includes; Issuance of Bidding Documents Bid or Quotations Submission & Opening Bid or Quotation Evaluation Contract and Purchase Order Award. This will be preceded by contract notification, signature and effectiveness. Pre-contract Meeting Officials of the procuring entity involve in the procurement process should meet in order to: Understand their responsibilities and restrictions under the contract The role of the project manager should also be defined The various tests and other forms of quality control should be defined. Specific deliverables and special contract provisions should be explained. Monitoring and performance measurement should be understood and invoicing and payment procedures should be explained. Pre- contract meeting/discussion between the employer and the contractors are usually organised. At such meeting, the objective of the contract and its requirements are clearly defined. The contract effectiveness conditions are explained. Others issues to be discussed are: The project manager (from the employer) and contractors representative Organization and structures of the contractor’s implementation team. Implementation schedule and Reporting method Progress meetings, works certification and invoicing After the pre-contract discussion all grey areas are ironed out, the contract is signed by contractor’s representative with the power of attorney and the authorised representative of the contractor. Contract Effectiveness This will take place after the contract has been signed and following conditions have been fulfilled: Contractor provide performance guaranty and advance payment guaranty (if required) If the contract requires payment of advance payment, it has been paid If Letter of Credit is required it must be established The Letter of Credit must be confirmed (if funded by Nigeria government) or made operative through issuance of special commitment if World Bank financed contract or letter of guaranty if AfDB financed contract The employer must write a letter conveying the effectiveness to the contractor Letter of Credit Letters of Credit are guided by universal custom practice established by International Chamber of commerce and Industry based in Paris, France. It provides condition to enable parties to contract of sale living in different countries to make and receive payment for goods supplied. It start with a bank in the buyers country (opening bank) opening direct communication with another bank in the seller country (advising bank), through a correspondence bank (usually the negotiating bank). The opening bank will open either an irrevocable Letter of credit or a revocable letter of credit depending on the circumstance of the transaction. It is irrevocable because once established neither of the party can cancel it unilaterally before the expiration of the validity. Letter of Credit is said to be confirmed if in addition to the confirmation of the opening bank, another bank (say the negotiating bank also add its confirmation). Under LC for contracts financed by World Bank, LC’s are irrevocable but are unconfirmed. They are made operational when a special commitment is issued on it by World Bank. Incoterms 2000 Incoterms means International Commercial Terms published by International Chambers of Commerce (ICC), Headquarter in Paris. Incoterms was created in 1936 by ICC to facilitate international trade by providing uniform interpretation of trade terms. Incoterms are regularly updated to keep pace with developments in international trade. The latest is incoterms 2000. The scope of incoterms is limited to rights & obligations of parties to contract of sales as it relates to delivery of tangible goods. For example under the C terms, the Seller fulfils his obligation upon the shipment of goods. Once the good are shipped by the seller, under the C terms the buyer is obliged to receive the goods. The following are the various incoterms Group E: Departure {text:list-item} Group E: Main Carriage unpaid {text:list-item} {text:list-item} Group C: Main Carriage Paid {text:list-item} {text:list-item} {text:list-item} {text:list-item} Group D: Arrival {text:list-item} {text:list-item} {text:list-item} {text:list-item} {text:list-item} Terms of Payment There are terms of payment for various contracts. Terms of payment are usually specified in the bidding document or request for proposal (RFP). Under a project financed by credit from the World Bank, the following terms shall apply as follows; Schedule 1-Plant & Equipment from Abroad text:list-item} {text:list-item} {text:list-item} Schedule 2-Plant & Equipment from Employers Country {text:list-item} {text:list-item} {text:list-item} Schedule 3-Local Transportation {text:list-item} {text:list-item} Schedule 4-Installation Service {text:list-item} {text:list-item} {text:list-item} All payment must be made 45 days from submission of invo ice and invoice not paid more than 60 days will attract interest. Role of Project Manager and Contractors Representative: Project Manager The contractor must be notified of the Project Manager in writing. The Project Manager shall act and represent the employer at times during the validity of the contract. He shall give all instructions, notices, orders, certificates etc. He shall give approval and receives notices, instructions, information on behalf of the employer. Contractors Representative: The employer must be notified in writing with his CV attached. Contractor representative must be approved by employer. The contractors representative act and represent the contractor at all time during the validity of the contract, He received all instructions, notices, orders, certificates, approvals and communications. The contractor representative issues all notices, instructions, information and other communications on behalf of the contractor Monitoring and Evaluation Monitoring and Evaluation is an essentially part of contract administration. It is usually performed by project manager. Project Manager approves all designs and drawings for supply & installations contract etc. The project manager inspects & issue acceptance certificate before shipment. Proper monitoring ensures potential disputes are averted Invoicing and Payments Contractors and employers are partners. The contractors have goods/services or works required by the employer while the contractor want money from the employer. Contract won under international competitive bidding process give world-wide, most competitive price to the employer. Issuance of invoices and demand for payment is an obligation of the contractor while the employer has responsibility to pay for goods delivered and or services and works performed by the contractor. The format of invoicing and works certification should be worked out early to avoid employment of penalty clause. Progress Meetings Progress meeting is necessary aspect of large and complex contracts which takes longer time to complete. Progress meetings are held at regular intervals. It is usually held to monitor the progress of the contract implementation. At such meeting contract implementation progress are discussed and compared with the contract implementation schedule. Implementation problems are also discussed with a view of solving them. The objective is to ensure that the contract will be completed with requisite quality, on time and within budget. Some identified Contract Administration Problems in Nigeria Institutional problems like contracts enforcement and prolonged court procedures are serious impediment to smooth contract administration. Other common contract administration problems are: Contracts entered into with parties having little understanding of the contract terms. Ccontracts’ seen as ways of dispensing favours. Therefore, little attention is paid to qualification. Contractors in some cases do not employ qualified personnel to manage and execute contracts. It usually takes unnecessarily long time to issue sufficient Bonds and Insurances for the execution of contracts, due to stringent conditions. Inadequate monitoring by employers also affects smooth contract implementation. A common contract administration problem that has become very visible especially in Nigeria Power Sector is losing out other partners in JV or Consortium agreement Delay in making payment to the contractors due to inadequate budgetary provisions Employment of unqualified or incompetent sub-contractors Delays in opening LC’s and extension of LC’s & Form M. Misapplication of proceeds of advance payment by contractors Di spute in the interpretation of contract terms Delay in issuing Duties and vat exemptions certificate conveyance Difficulties in clearing goods in the ports and the poor state of the nation infrastructure Inconsistency in government policies and corruption of government officials Avoiding Dispute in contract implementation The best dispute resolution method is not to have disputed at all. However, if there is a dispute direct negotiations between the parties at an early stage could be helpful. If no solution is found through direct negotiation, establish in a letter the facts of which constitute the breach of contract to focus the problem on the issue under dispute In United Kingdom an alternative dispute resolution technique called â€Å"partnering technique† is being employed. Partnering starts with a workshop usually during the kick off meeting where expectations of parties (contractor and employer) are discussed and harmonised. A partnering agreement or charter is signed by the parties. Employer and contractor are expected to encourage their staff to achieve the charter. In some cases the employer and the contractor share offices in the spirit of the partnering. Dispute Resolution Adjudication Once a dispute cannot be resolved mutually between the parties, it can be referred to adjudicator by either party in writing with a copy to the other party. The adjudicator shall give his decision in writing to both parties. The decision of the adjudicator is not final. The name of the adjudicator and his CV is usually included in the bidding document. If a bidder has problem with a suggested adjudicator, he must indicate so in writing and suggest another adjudicator which must be accepted by the employer. Arbitration If either of the party is dissatisfied with the decision of the adjudicator, the dissatisfied party can write to the arbitrator. Either party may give the other notice to commence arbitration. The ddecision of arbitration are final and binding on all parties Arbitration Courts The Court of Arbitration of International Chamber of Commerce (Paris) is the most popular arbitration institute in the World. Other are; London Court of Arbitration and Allied Professional Society The American Arbitration Association in United State of American Arbitration Institute of Stockholm Chamber of Commerce based in Sweden. United Nations Commission on International Trade Law (UNCITRAL) – UN International Centre for Settlement of Investment Dispute (ICSID)- WB Change Orders and Price Adjustments Contracts are base on plans, designs, specification and quantities which are best estimates. Field conditions, revisions to original plan could cause the scope of the contract to change. Revisions caused by changes in expectation and technology may require change order. A â€Å"change order† is request for a change in the scope of a contract. It may be requested by either party to a contract. A â€Å"change order† signed by all the parties have the same authority as the original contract. For contracts financed by World Bank, change order is applied to changes in contract that is more than 5% of the contract sum. Under the World Bank procurement system, contract which exceed 18 months period should have provision for price adjustment. Contract Close Out Contract close out begins when the contract has been physically complete, i. e. all services have been performed and products delivered. Close out is completed when all administrative actions have been completed, all disputes settled, and final payment have been made. Materials and equipment to be handed over properly receipted. Contract close out is as important as contract award and contract monitoring. A check list of all services, products, etc. to be delivered in the contract should be kept in the contract file. Governance: Fraud, Corruption & Conflict of Interest Conflict of interest refers to a situation in which procurement official evaluate tenders involving companies in which they have direct or indirect interest. Fraud on the other hand includes misrepresentation or omission of facts to influence a procurement process or the execution of contract. It also includes collusion among bidders. corruption include offering, giving, receiving or soliciting directly or indirectly of anything of value to influence the action of a public official in the procurement process or contract execution. Governance: Identification of Corruption Some â€Å"red flags† in procurement process that indicate possibility of corruption include the following: Poor record keeping Deviations from procedures without written justification Poorly defined roles/responsibilities Absence of good internal control system â€Å"Red flags† can be exhibited by individuals involve in procurement and contract administration as follows: Extravagant lifestyle Excessive interaction with supplier(s) and contractors Too much secrecy Reluctance to delegate duties Keeping contact with certain suppliers exclusively Some â€Å"red flags† in a particular procuring entity are: Always the same suppliers competing & wining Reluctance of established supplier and contractors to bid for contracts in an entity Some â€Å"red flags† in contract administration Excessive cost overruns Excessive numbers of change orders (increasing cost) Payment of frivolous claims Governance: Corruption Contributing Factors& Known Signals Lack of competitive environment Lack of trained & competent procurement staff Widespread lack of trust & job security Permissive environment (no sanctions after established cases of fraud and corruption) Lack of good mechanism for handling protest & delays Known signals {text:list-item} {text:list-item} {text:list-item} {text:list-item} Case Study Case 1 An employer invited bid for the supply of one X-ray machine for the main hospital for delivery one month ex-stock within 2 months of Letter of Credit. In the bidding document, bidders were asked to quote price on CIP capital city by air in US dollars. Bidders were provided 60 days to submit bids. Six bids were opened publicly. All except one bidder quoted the price as solicited. One bidder quoted the price in French Francs. In its evaluation the employer rejected the bid as it did not comply with the currency provision. The employer proposed to award the contract to the lowest bidder as all the other bid are responsive. The contract will be financed under a credit from World Bank and the rejected bidder protested to the World Bank on the ground that World Bank permitted bids from any member country and currency and his bid was in fact the lowest. What should the World Bank do and Why? Case 2 In an agricultural project, an employer presented papers relating to an advance procurement of two bulldozers for World Bank financing retroactively. The employer/borrower claimed to have followed the World Bank ICB procedures. On review, it was noted that the General Procurement Notice (GPN) and Specific Procurement Notice (SPN) were issued, adequate time provided for the bidding, there was good response and award had been made to the lowest bidder. The only short-coming was the bids were opened by a government committee without inviting the bidder representative. Is the process valid under this circumstance? Case 3 You are the chairman of public procurement administrative review commission. A project includes the procurement of 10 tracks Dozers and excavators to be procured under a single package. The specifications stated the tracks should be powered by an engine with a minimum of 175 horsepower (SAE) at a rated RPM. Firm A offered its dozers with a 165HP. In the evaluation the committee consider the deviation as minor and awarded the contract to Firm A. Firm B