Maternal Substance Abuse During Pregnancy Care Managers

Maternal substance abuse accounts for problematic health concerns in infants, according Forray (2016), â€Å"5.9% of pregnant women use illicit drugs, with usage age ranging from 15-44 years of age† (p.3). Types of illicit substances used during pregnancy consist of Cocaine, Marijuana, Methamphetamine, Heroin, and an array of other illicit substances. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. For my immersion experience I choose to focus on the population of women who use s illicit drugs during pregnancy. Reflection of Immersion Experience Interaction Activity I attended a parenting class for maternal substance abuse facilitated by Pregnancy Care Managers (PCM). The PCM program is located in Cumberland County Health Department. The parenting class offers support services to mother on handling stressful situations that occur during and after birth. PCM’s are registered nurse or social workers that assigned by referral made from an OBGYN office. Women are selected for the program based on certain risk factors such as, substance abuse, mental diagnosis, or lack of resources. The class I attended included about four different women from various cultural backgrounds. Three out of four women used substances during pregnancy. Each woman discussed their own personal struggle with drugs. No one story was explained the same, each woman had different paths that lead them to partake in illicit substances. I learned that these women hadShow MoreRelatedEvaluation Of The Public Health Services Provided By My Practicum Cite789 Words   |  4 Pagesand solve health problems (Policy Development), and linking people to needed health services and assure the provision of health care when otherwise unavailable (Assurance). 1. Monitoring and evaluating health status – One of the important programs conducted by my practicum cite is Women, Infants and Children program. WIC is a federal assistance program for health care and nutrition of low-income pregnant women, breast feeding women, and infants and children aged less than 5 years. Through WIC programRead MoreTeen Pregnancy1426 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction Teen pregnancy is often unplanned and challenging for the future life of mother and child. The increase risk of health problems for both mother and baby occur during teen pregnancy. Teen pregnancy impacts adolescent development in all aspects: physical, emotional, cognitive, and social development. Negative consequences result from teen pregnancy include: low income, increased school dropout rates, lower educational levels, and increased rates of substance abuse (Garwood, Gerassi, ReidRead MoreEssay The Importance of Prenatal Care1658 Words   |  7 PagesThe Importance of Prenatal Care Prenatal care is widely accepted as an important element in improving pregnancy outcome. (Gorrie, McKinney, Murray, 1998). Prenatal care is defined as care of a pregnant woman during the time in the maternity cycle that begins with conception and ends with the onset of labor. A medical, surgical, gynecologic, obstretic, social and family history is taken (Mosbys Medical, Nursing, and Allied Health Dictionary, 1998). It is important for a pregnant woman asRead MoreHealth Attitudes And Behavior By William Travis Pyle1793 Words   |  8 Pages2015 Risk Assessment Homeless women lack preventative care and have higher rates of poor health status, mental illness, poor birth outcomes, and mortality (American College of Obstetricians and Gynecology, 2013). It is imperative to develop a trusting relationship with the patient to ensure accurate and honest answers. The practitioner must portray a non-biased demeanor at all times for this to occur. During the risk assessment the practitioner must obtain information related toRead MoreThe Medical Model of Health3163 Words   |  13 Pagespediatric primary-care clinician is asked to shoulder an ever greater burden in reducing the effects of social disadvantage on children--a trend that continues to increase as the social safety net for children has become increasingly porous. The primary-care clinician is enjoined to provide anticipatory guidance, to perform developmental surveillance, to prevent unintentional injuries, to recognize and address parental substance use and depression, to solve issues o f child abuse and family violenceRead MoreEvaluation At Department Of Juvenile Justice2188 Words   |  9 Pagesconditions and evidenced of adequate grooming and hygiene. The youth was accompanied to the appointment by her Case Manager albeit she was assessed outside of her presence. Importantly, no gross abnormalities were noted in ambulation, posture, or coordination, nor did Alexandra exhibit difficulties with fine or gross motor skills. The youth appeared to be alert and attentive during the evaluation, and was not easily distracted. The youth’s expressive speech was normal with regards to rate, rhythmRead MoreGenetics, Disease Counseling4765 Words   |  20 Pages(GNT1) Juanita Allen Janette Barney Western Governor s University Task 3 724.2.5-03-08 724.2.6-02-09 Mr. and Mrs. Trosack have recently been told through chorionic villus testing, that their unborn child has Tay Sachs disease.As the case manager there should be several appropriate members identified for an interdisciplinary team to obtain information for the Trosacks initial visit. Those team members include, a high risk obstetrician, or perinatologist, obstetric nurses, a geneticist,Read MoreThe Epidemic Of Cigarette Smoking2740 Words   |  11 PagesKristen Hofner October 7, 2014 Smoking Epidemic The century-long epidemic of cigarette smoking has caused a public health concern of epic proportions. As health concerns about tobacco developed during the 1960s, the federal government moved in and initiated Tobacco Control laws. Smoking among adults in the mid-1960’s was prevalent with 42% of the population smoking compared to 18% in 2012. In 1964, the first report of the Surgeon General’s Advisory Committee on Smoking and Health identified smokingRead MoreSafeguarding Children3646 Words   |  15 Pagesemotional abuse, sexual abuse. There are more but these are the ones I am to describe for this unit. It is recognised that it is abuse when someone inflicts harm or fails to prevent it. Children may be abused in a family or in an institutional or community setting, by those known to them or by a stranger, for example, via the internet. Child abuse can have major long-term effects on all aspects of a child’s health, development and well-being. The main forms of ill-treatments are: Physical abuse is deliberatelyRead MoreCommunity Health Nursing Final Exam Study Guide Essay15874 Words   |  64 Pagesï » ¿ NUR 420 Fall 2013 Final Exam Focus Areas -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1. Health care for homeless, why is it so costly? They typically have to stay in the hospital for a longer amount of time because they have a lot more co-morbidities that need to be treated. Being brought to the ED is extremely expensive. Critical interventions are very costly, and so are all the diagnostic tests that must be done. They usually don’t

Hitler s Rise Of Power - 2114 Words

Hitler was especially noted when he earned the First Class Iron Cross, the highest military honor a German could receive. Hitler s commander had ended up in No Man s Land, screaming for help. Hitler, crawled out of his trench and pulled him to safety, without get shot down or killed. This gave Hitler a sense of belonging and respect, two things he had never gotten at home. â€Å"I sank down upon my knees and thanked Heaven out of the fullness of my heart† (Raggett). Hitler had said. Instead of an Austrian soldier, at that very moment he received the Iron Cross, he became German. Hitler used this to his advantage; especially when he ran for president and gained power, the Iron Cross gave an image of a dedicated and well decorated soldier to†¦show more content†¦It was a slap in the face. Hitler soon became bitter over the treaty and over the loss of German The next event that controlled Hitler’s life was the Beer Hall Putsch, in November of 1923. The Nazi Party, with Hitler as the leader, led a revolution against the ever collapsing government in Germany. It failed, because of the disorganization, lack of men, and the fact that even the few men he had were very inexperienced. Germany was in ruins at the end of WWI, which was perfect for Hitler. People were unemployed, starving and freezing to death, and there was no stable government, because of the postwar damage and the Versailles Treaty. Along with those factors, the humiliation of losing did a toll not only on Hitler, but Germany as a nation. Germany was asking for a way out, and just then Hitler came on national television, being his trial for the Beer Hall Putsch. During this trial, Hitler â€Å"claimed to have acted out of sincere, patriotic motives† (White). Also during this trial, Hitler was wearing his Iron Cross, and blaming the Weimar Republic for betrayal. He made the Germans see that the Versailles Treaty was an act of betrayal; and then justified all of this by stating that he was doing what was right for Germany, and that the Weimar were the ones that wronged Germany. Just what the German people wanted; a savior, to rescue them from the economic collapse of their beloved country. Another event that was crucial in Hitler’s rising

How Work Is a Duty Comparing Two Poems Free Essays

â€Å"Work is a duty†: Compare and contrast two poems you have studied in the light of this statement. It’s safe to say that â€Å"Toads† and â€Å"Toads Revisited†, both by Philip Larkin, have two very different viewpoints to work. Although written by the same poet, I feel they discuss the statement about ‘duty’ interestingly; both relay their points in a number of clever ways. We will write a custom essay sample on How Work Is a Duty Comparing Two Poems or any similar topic only for you Order Now Looking at â€Å"Toads†, in the perspective of the poet, we start to see that there is certain imagery in the poem that tells us a lot about the poets’ view on work. The fact that the poet effectively sees work as a â€Å"sickening poison† tells the reader he feels work, in essence, make us ill. To a certain extent we realise that Larkin actually despises work: seeing it not as a duty but as a corruption. This imagery of â€Å"poison† gives a very dark and sinister atmosphere. In contrast, â€Å"Toads Revisited†, also by Larkin, has the opposite atmosphere and imagery. From line one of the poem (â€Å"walking around in the park†) we see that the mood is light, and therefore guess that the poem is in favour of work being a ‘duty’: Larkin uses happy and joyful imagery. The lakes, the sunshine, grass to lie on†. The way Larkin uses that sentence – â€Å"grass to lie on† – puts the reader in that relaxed and tranquil state of mind, perhaps the grass represents life and how it â€Å"should† feel good to lie back and not work; but somehow all this relaxation â€Å"doesn’ t suit† the persona of the poem. Relating this back to the statement of how â€Å"work is a duty†, Larkin is trying to say (with his imagery in â€Å"Toads revisited†) is that we cannot call work a â€Å"duty† as it is not so, according to him. Instead it is a choice. I will further expand this point later on. Larkin goes on to describe tramps: â€Å"palsied old step-takers†. A â€Å"duty† is a legal or moral obligation to carry out an action, and from what Larkin displays here is interesting: how can we be obliged if we have the choice not to? Duty or not, tramps and the homeless, the unemployed and the benefit-misusers still exist to this day. Also in â€Å"toads† we see the image of homeless people when Larkin talks about â€Å"squatting†. The imagery of these types of people makes us see that the duty to work and having the choice to work are two very different things. With â€Å"Toads† it is similar, as we see the perspective of, what looks like, a working class man, we are presented the images of folk â€Å"living on wit†. It still seems that the persona of the poem sees work as a choice. Instead of people are obliged to work, the persona (Larkin) gives the impression that people are obliged not to work: â€Å"why should I let the toad work†, but yet they do have a choice to this day. Forgive me, but a rather humorous piece of imagery I picked up on was that of someone in a â€Å"squat† (Toads). Squatting could mean both homeless people looking for somewhere to settle, or it could resemble someone excreting (to be frank). This links to the work â€Å"duty† as it is sometimes called the same thing: I thought this was interesting. To be able to fully understand the views of both poems we must carry out analysis is several different ways. Another way of looking at this poem is in terms of its rhyme and rhythm or tone; and how this may or may not give the impression that work is a duty. With â€Å"toads† we notice a rhyme scheme called ‘half rhymes’: when a word sort of rhymes but doesn’t. For example â€Å"work† and â€Å"fork†; â€Å"soils† and â€Å"bills†; â€Å"poison† and â€Å"proportion†. The fact that the words almost rhyme could mean Larkin wants us to take note how things just aren’t quite right. Duty and choice comes back into play here: and here is where I think Larkin contrasts the two rhyming words in very interesting ways. He wants us to see that there is only a slight but significant difference in the way one is made to work (duty) and the way one chooses to work (choice). In â€Å"Toads revisited† the same thing occurs: â€Å"Park† and â€Å"work†; â€Å"noises† and â€Å"nurses†. This further illustrates the point of how duty and choice are only slightly but significantly different. In terms of rhythm, â€Å"Toads† resembles some very interesting ideas using it. For example, how Larkin says â€Å"lecturers, lispers, losels, loblolly-men†¦Ã¢â‚¬  it is not only a mouthful of words to say, but the rhythm is different, in this little phrase, (on the alliteration of L) to the rest of the poem. This resembles two things: how in our lives there are difficulties, which come at spontaneous moments, which we just have to surpass. And also, the words are a mouthful to say resembles how work is difficult and takes effort. This is further illustrated by how you can’t have â€Å"the fame and the girl and the money all in one sitting†. The representations and underlying meanings of the way both poems are written in terms of syllables/rhythm/rhyme show how because work is so hard, people choose not to do it. It is disagreeing with the statement, that to work is an obligation. There are various ways in which we can interpret these two poems, and compare and contrast these interpretations to the statement. I firstly interpret that in â€Å"toads revisited†, Larkin wishes to convey why it is he is in favour of working, and how he does/doesn’t portray it as a duty. Firstly, Larkin explains how not working is â€Å"not a bad place to be†, enticing the reader and making us falsely interpret his view (we think that he is taking a day off and thinking about how not working would be better). The poet tries to influence us about work, to some extent he does make it seem as if we are obliged to it: â€Å"turning over their failures†. This not only is a play on words (turn over, a word linking to economics and how if you work you will earn money), it also shows what will happen if you do not work: you will fail. In essence Larkin is making us see that working is a more of a duty than a choice, but still it is ones choice to work. In â€Å"Toads† we see Larkin presenting different ideas. Taking a very defiant view on work, he makes work seem more of something one should be ashamed of. He belittles it: â€Å"just for paying a few bills†. This quote I find highly interesting: its apparent Larkin recognises the point of working, but the persona in the poem does not. To this we are confused by: is Larkin purposely outlining work’s purpose (of paying bills) and disagreeing with them, just so we see it? To explain further, could the persona be saying â€Å"just for paying bills† as if he is against work, but actually he is saying this so that the point of working is to make money is raised? For â€Å"toads revisited† the ideas and interpretations are different: for now it seems that these are expressions of Larkin’s own views and attitudes to work. He is in effect dreaming about people working in the poem: â€Å"watching the bread delivered†¦Ã¢â‚¬ . Larkin does however recognise that it is hard to work, but he mentions how rewarding it is afterwards: â€Å"nowhere to go but indoor†. This is also a way in which the poet describes work not as a duty, but as a choice. But the balance is heavily pointed to being a duty, as an obligation to work is in essence the obligation to having a fun lifestyle simultaneously (â€Å"no friends†). Looking at the poems from a slightly different angle, the picture changes a fraction. Reading the poems in such a way to understand class struggle at the time the poems were written, and to explore the conflict between the privileged and working class people, is called a Marxist view. The way the poet in â€Å"Toads† calls the working class â€Å"brutes†; and for the rest of the poem the working people go unnamed, as if they are not worthy of a name. This can tell us a lot about the social context, the fact that there was a lot of hate among the working and the privileged. It tells us how the persona from â€Å"toads† makes us see how the privileged looked down on the working class, as â€Å"toads† to some extent, as toads are small. If I have learnt anything during analysing, comparing, and contrasting â€Å"Toads† and â€Å"Toads revisited†, it’s that you can never be sure as to where exactly the poets views lie by just looking at the persona of the poem. We must break down the poem and transpose it to a more comprehendible structure before we even begin to. How to cite How Work Is a Duty Comparing Two Poems, Essay examples

Marketing for Managers Evaluate the Work

Question: Discuss about the Marketing for Managers Evaluate the Work. Answer: Introduction Along with getting business from the products that an organization is selling, some organizations have started thinking about the society (Brennan et al., 2014). They are looking after the development of the society or trying to bring necessary changes in the environment. When an organization is doing business by taking care of the society, it can be termed as social marketing. This report will evaluate the works of Amnesty International and their new campaign where they are trying to protect the teenagers from drug and alcohol abuse. They have already worked for the rights of women, LGBT and indigenous communities. Working for the teenagers and saving them from alcohol and drug abuse will give the required attention so that they are able to stay ahead of the competition and enhance the business. Organization and academic literature When an organization carries out marketing and promotion to support a cause, then it can be termed as social marketing (McKenzie-Mohr, 2013). The organization that is aimed at social marketing works with an approach to change the mindset and behaviors of the people. In addition to this, they aim at maintaining the behavior so that they can bring changes in the society as a whole. The changes are mainly aimed for the benefit of the individual and the society. The idea of social marketing was born in the year, 1970 and it was brainchild of Gerald Zaltmanand Philip Kotler. They believed that if marketing can help to sell products, it would also help in selling practices, behaviors, ideas and attitudes (McKenzie-Mohr, 2013). Social marketing not targeted to benefit the marketer, but it is mainly targeted towards benefit of the society, environment and audience. Amnesty International is one such organization, which aims at enhancing life of the people who ate living in Australia by promoting equal human rights (Amnesty International Australia, 2017). Amnesty International works for and with the indigenous people who are living in Australia. They aim to fight against unfair detention of the refuges and asylum seekers and against discrimination. Moreover, they have cell that works for the rights of LGBT and women. They urge the government to implement laws that will respect the human beings in spite of their sexual orientation or the society. They feel that the laws will help them to meet their international human rights obligations. The program/campaign focus Amnesty International mainly aims at prevailing peace and harmony in the society. The new campaign will be targeted towards protecting the teenager from the alcohol and drug abuse. In Australia, most of the young people die due to the drug and alcohol use. In fact, the teenagers who are between the age group of14-17years get alcohol from the relatives and friends. About 30% of the teenagers between the age group of 13 to 17 years have been through unsupervised drinking in clubs. The most surprising part is that out of that 30%, 71% of them have not been asked to present their age proof (The Salvation Army, 2017). SWOT analysis Strength The main strength of Amnesty International is that they are working for the society. Their work will be highlighted in the international market and they will get the require attention and support to make their campaign successful (Evans-Lacko et al., 2013). Weakness As they are mainly into social service, they have to rely on the donations and funds by the government (Lefebvre, 2013). Opportunity As they are working for the society, the international associations will get attracted towards Amnesty International by giving the desired amount of support and funds. Threats If Amnesty International does not get proper funds or donations, their campaign would remain incomplete. They will suffer loss if they cannot achieve their goal. As per the SWOT analysis, Amnesty International will face with opportunities as well as threats due to type of field that they are working in. On one hand, they will get the desired amount of support mainly because of their attitude towards social enhancement. On the other hand, they would not have any other options but to depend on the funds to keep their work going. As a result, they will face with huge numbers of competitors as many organizations are working for the social development in Australia. Target market The main target market for the campaign will be the parents of the teenagers. They should be told about the issues that are being faced and the way they can help to save the teenagers of Australia. Their contribution, both monitory as well as other types of support like spreading the campaign and taking part in the campaign will help them to become successful in the program. In addition to this, Amnesty International will target the multinational companies. Especially those companies that have a good corporate social responsibility record will be targeted. There will be no geographic segmentations of the target market, as Amnesty International will not limit their target to one area (Wilhelm-Rechmann, Cowling Difford, 2014). They aim to seek attention at the international level. As far as the demographic segmentation is concerned, they will target the individuals whose child are a teenager and goes out with friends on regular basis. At times, the parents have no idea about the habits of the children (Martinsen Sundgot?Borgen, 2014). Moreover, the companies who are working in Australia for more than ten years will be given special attention for the support (Burchell, Rettie Patel, 2013). Marketing mix Product The product that will be offered by Amnesty International will be the service that they are providing to help the teenagers of the country. To promote the product, Amnesty International will first talk about the need of the campaign and if the teenagers are not stopped in the beginning, how it can affect their health and career (Rundle-Thiele, 2015). As they are the teenagers are the future adults of the country and it is upon them the economic condition of the country is dependent, hence, they should be protected. Once the individuals or the companies will understand the importance of preventing alcohol and drug use, they will help Amnesty International in their campaign. In addition to this, the organizations or the individuals will get proper recognition and a token of appreciation as they are helping Amnesty International in their campaign. Amnesty International will give certificate as well as mention the name of the contributors in their website. In addition to this, the names of the contributors will also be mentioned in the events. The recognition will play the role of products. Price There will be variable costs for the customers based on their wish to donate for the company; however, the donations will be onetime payment for the customers (Luca Suggs, 2013). They would not have to buy anything or take care of anything for which they have to pay on a regular basis. They can pay for the campaigns and get the recognition for their contributions. in addition to this, they can pay as per their wish. No minimum amount is there that the individuals or the companies have to pay if they wish to donate. Place No physical place is required by Amnesty International to place their products. In fact, that is the best part that donations can be done online without visiting any office to make the payments (Dibb Carrigan, 2013). As the place of operations for Amnesty International is online, hence they can reach a huge number of audiences both domestic as well as international clients. However, if there is any campaign or events, then they would be asked to participate to spread the awareness. Promotion As the place of business operations for Amnesty International in online, hence, the promotions will also be done online. The social media will be the best place to spread the message among the youth as well as the clients from they can get the donations. The youth might not the one who will be able to donate for their activities but they can work as the word of mouth to spread words about their work (Brennan et al., 2014). In addition to this, Amnesty International can portray their work in events. Even though, online presence will be helpful to gain business, however, if they make their presence felt in the events they will be able to come close to the people (McKenzie-Mohr, 2013). However, for physical promotions, they will have to choose the events in those places like schools and colleges. If they promote the products in the events that are held in colleges and schools, the people will be more connected with the goals of Amnesty International and hence of getting donations will b e more. Message and its effectiveness Amnesty International can make use of the following message to spread their campaign: Protect our future, stop alcohol and drug abuse The teenagers would grow up and will contribute towards further development of the country. If they get into any wrong practice and end up being abused, their early years will be scarred and they could not be given proper education that will help them to grow and develop as a complete human being. As they are the future of the nation, the message highlights that part and urges the public to protect them. Conclusion To promote the campaign that will help Amnesty International to save the teenagers, they used the slogan, Protect our future, stop alcohol and drug abuse. The SWOT analysis revealed that social marketing would act as their strength as they are thinking about the society. On the other hand, it will act as their weakness as they only have to depend on donations. The marketing mix revealed that they should promote the importance teenagers and portray them as the future of the society to make the people aware of the significance of the campaign. They should promote online as well in events. There will be variations in price as per the wish of the contributors and it will be onetime payment for them with no hidden cost. However, they will be asked to participate in the events to spread the awareness. References Amnesty International Australia,. (2017).Demanding equal human rights for all people in Australia.Amnesty International Australia. Retrieved 2 February 2017, from https://www.amnesty.org.au/what-we-do/at-home/ Brennan, L., Binney, W., Parker, L., Aleti, T., Nguyen, D. (Eds.). (2014).Social marketing and behaviour change: models, theory and applications. Edward Elgar Publishing. Burchell, K., Rettie, R., Patel, K. (2013). Marketing social norms: social marketing and the social norm approach.Journal of Consumer Behaviour,12(1), 1-9. Dibb, S., Carrigan, M. (2013). Social marketing transformed: Kotler, Polonsky and Hastings reflect on social marketing in a period of social change.European Journal of Marketing,47(9), 1376-1398. Evans-Lacko, S., Malcolm, E., West, K., Rose, D., London, J., Rsch, N., ... Thornicroft, G. (2013). Influence of Time to Changes social marketing interventions on stigma in England 2009-2011.The British Journal of Psychiatry,202(s55), s77-s88. Lefebvre, R. C. (2013).Social marketing and social change: Strategies and tools for improving health, well-being, and the environment. John Wiley Sons. Luca, N. R., Suggs, L. S. (2013). Theory and model use in social marketing health interventions.Journal of health communication,18(1), 20-40. Martinsen, M., Sundgot?Borgen, J. (2014). Adolescent elite athletes cigarette smoking, use of snus, and alcohol.Scandinavian journal of medicine science in sports,24(2), 439-446. McKenzie-Mohr, D. (2013).Fostering sustainable behavior: An introduction to community-based social marketing. New society publishers. Ngm.nationalgeographic.com,. (2013).Aboriginal Australians.Ngm.nationalgeographic.com. Retrieved 2 February 2017, from https://ngm.nationalgeographic.com/2013/06/aboriginal-australians/finkel-text Rundle-Thiele, S. (2015). Looking back and moving forwards: An agenda for social marketing research.Recherche et Applications en Marketing (English Edition),30(3), 128-133. The Salvation Army,. (2017). Teenage drinking. The Salvation Army. Retrieved 8 February 2017, from https://www.salvationarmy.org.au/en/Who-We-Are/our-work/Drug--Alcohol-Abuse/Teenage-drinking/ Wilhelm-Rechmann, A., Cowling, R. M., Difford, M. (2014). Using social marketing concepts to promote the integration of systematic conservation plans in land-use planning in South Africa.Oryx,48(1), 71.